GIFT  OF 


to 
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fc>0  CD 


H 


THE 

WANDERING 
GENTILE 


O 

o  o  o 

O 
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0 


A  STORY  OF  ALASKA 


BY 


JOSEPH  H.  HUTCHINSON 


AN  APPRECIATION 


.!//  Alaskans  understand  thai  it 
is  through  the  foresightedness  of 
Secretary  of  the  Interior,  Franklin 
K.  Lane,  that  it  is  possible  at  this 
dm/  and  hour  to  begin  to  realize 
Alaska's  true  worth  and  destiny. 
For  this  reason  I  take  the  liberty 
of  inscribing  this  New  Years  Story 
to  him. 

JOSEPH  H.  HUTCHINSON. 

San  Francisco, 
California, 
January  1st,   1914. 


THE  WANDERING  GENTILE 

A  Story  of  .1  laska  . 


WHEN  CHRIST*  Bearing  his  cross,  passed  before  the  house  of  a 
poor  shtiemaker.  tof  Jerusalem,  asked  his  leave  to  repose  for  a 
moment  on  a  stonq/bench  at  hi.s  .door,,  the  Jew  replied  harshly, 
"Onwards!  Onwards!"  arid  refused  him.  "It  is  thoil  that  shalt  go 
onwards,  onwards — till  the  Day  of  Judgment;  so  does  He  will  it,  the 
Lord  who  is  in  heaven,'  replied  the  Savior. 

From  this  statement  Eugene  Sue  wrote  the  legend  of  the  "Wander- 
ing Jew.;"  ancj  in  the  prologue  to  his  story  made  the  following  argu- 
ment :  »' 

"The  Arctic  Ocean  is  encircled  by  a  belt  of  eternal  ice,  the  desert 
boundaries  of  Siberia  and  of  Northern  America — the  extreme  limits  of 
the  two  worlds  are  separated  by  the  narrow  Straits  of  Bering. 

"The  month  of  September  is  just  at  its  close. 

"To  the  north,  this  desert  is  bounded  by  a  coast  bristling  with 
black  gigantic  rocks.  At  the  foot  of  their  Titanic  piles  lies,  motion- 
less, the  vast  ocean  with  its  ice-bound  waves,  extended  chains  ot 
frozen  mountains,  whose  blue-tinted  peaks  are  lost  from  view  in  a 
mass  of  snowy  vapor. 

"To  the  east,  between  the  two  peaks  of  Cape  Gulikins,  the  eastern 
confine  of  Siberia,  there  is  visible  a  line  of  darkish  green,  whence 
slowly  creep  forth  numerous  white  and  glassy  icebergs. 

"It  is  Bering's  Straits. 

"Beyond  it,  and  towering  above  it,  are  the  vast  granitic  masses  of 
Cape  Prince  Wales,  the  extreme  point  of  North  America.  These  deso- 
late latitudes  belong  no  more  to  the  habitable  world;  their  piercing 
and  fierce  cold  rends  the  very  stones,  cleaves  the  trees,  and  bursts  the 
ground,  which  groans  in  producing  the  germs  of  its  icy  herbage. 

"No  human  being  would  seem  endued  with  power  to  dare  the  soli- 
tude of  these  regions  of  frost  and  tempest — of  famine  and  of  death. 

"Yet,  strange  to  say,  wre  trace  steps  on  the  snow  which  covers  these 
deserts.  On  the  American  side  are  seen  foot-prints  which,  by  their 
smallness  and  lightness,  denote  a  woman's  presence.  On  the  Siberian 
side  foot-marks,  larger  and  deeper,  denote  the  presence  of  a  man. 

"Some  black  pines,  the  growth  of  centuries,  pointing  their  bent 
heads  in  different  directions  of  the  solitude,  like  crosses  in  a  church- 
yard, have  been  torn  up,  broken,  and  hurled  in  various  places  by  the 
storm.  Chance,  will,  or  fatality,  has  formed  beneath  the  iron-shod 
shoe  of  the  man  seven  projecting  nails,  which  form  a  cross,  thus — 


o 

ooo 
o 
o 
o 


"On  the  Siberian  Cape,  a  man  on  his  knees  extended  his  arms  to- 
wards America,  with  a  gesture  of  measureless  despair. 

"On  the  American  promontory,  a  young  and  lovely  woman — a 
man's  Angel  of  Hope — responded  to  the  attitude  of  hopeless  wretched- 
ness, by  pointing  her  tapered  finger  toward  heaven." 

NOTE. — Hadjii,  the  Prince  of  India  (Wandering  Jew),  according 
to  Lew  Wallace,  was  about  30  years  old  when  he  stood  ,in  the  road  to 
Golgotha  and  struck  the  Savior  and  ordered  him  to  go  forward. 

What  about  the  wandering  gentiles  in  the  world?  There  have 
been  many,  many  of  them  seeking  fortunes  in  a  thousand  different 
angles,  but  mostly  for  gold,  or  for  the  things  in  the  world  that  gold 

(    2    ) 


will  buy.  And  this  story  will  show  this  wandering  gentile  in  Al-ak- 
shak  (the  great  land).  Today  there  are  gentile  villages  in  this  particu- 
lar spot  described  by  Eugene  Sue,  and  the  last  boats  do  not  leave  there 
until  the  middle  of  October.  There  are  no  granitic  masses  of  rock 
whatsoever  at  Cape  Prince  of  \Vales;  neither  are  there  any  black 
pines,  the  growth  of  centuries,  pointing  their  heads  in  different  direc- 
tions like  crosses  in  a  church-yard.  The  whole  northwestern  nose  of 
North  America,  and  eastern  Siberia,  is  composed  of  lime  and  intrusive 
dikes  instead  of  granite  on  the  Bering  side,  and  eruptive  dikes  on  the 
Arctic  side.  Today  the  gentiles  are  mining  for  cassitterite  (tin)  at  the 
exact  spot  that  Eugene  Sue  pronounced  uninhabitable.  Within  sight 
of  where  the  Wandering  Jew  left  his  trace  of  a  cross,  the  only  crosses 
that  are  there  are  the  old  telegraph  poles  that  still  stand  as  mute  monu- 
ments to  Cyrus  W.  Field,  of  the  proposed  American-Russian  telegraph 
line,  abandoned  after  the  laying  of  the  Atlantic  cable.  Right  at  the 
spot  where  the  Wandering  Jew's  Angel  of  Hope  appeared  is  an  electric 
light  and  power  plant,  that  sends  light  and  power  to  the  miners  both 
over  and  under  the  hill  the  year  around.  Immediately  to  the  north  in 
all  of  the  streams  that  feed  the  Arctic  will  be  found  miners  placering 
gold  and  stream  tin.  To  the  west  in  Siberia  on  this  same  lime  forma- 
tion will  be  found  Koreans  mining  graphite.  To  the  east  of  Bering 
Straits,  now  known  as  Seward  Peninsula,  the  lime  formation  ends  at 
or  about  the  town  of  Teller  (named  after  Senator  Henry  M.  Teller, 
formerly  Secretary  of  the  Interior).  Then  comes  the  schist  formation; 
the  beginning  of  the  formation  that  h?s  produced  so  much  gold  in 
Alaska,  and  on  the  American  side  from  Cape  Prince  of  Wales,  north  tc 
the  Shishmaref  Inlet:  Point  Hope,  and  south  to  Port  Clarence  on  into 
St.  Michael,  the  territory  is  occupied  and  is  being  worked  either  above 
ground  or  underneath  the  ground  the  year  round  by  wandering  gen- 
tiles in  their  struggle  for  wealth. 

PURCHASE  01    ALASKA 

1.0*^10  west,  is  found  a  monu- 
thetop of  the  base  are  these 


At 


In  Volunteer  Park  at  Seattle, 
ment   to  William   Henry   Seward. 
words  : 

"Lei  Vs  Make  the  Treaty  Tonight." 

WILLIAM  HENRY  SEW'ARD, 

Patriot  and  Statesman, 

>s  Governor  of  New  York, 

United  States  Senator 

And  Secretary  of  State, 

Gave  to  the  people  of 

This  country  a  long  and 

Useful  life,  culminating 

In  his  purchase  for  them  of 

The  Territory  of  Alaska 

On  March  30th,  1867. 

In  Commemoration  of  which 

The  Citizens  of  Seattle 

Have  set  up  this  monument 

In  the  Year  of  Our  Lord,  1909. 

And  history  tells  us  that  Edward  DeStoeckl  and  William  Henrv  Seward 
\vere  playing  whist  that  night,  and  that  they  broke  up  this  8500,000,000 
\vhist  game,  when  Se\vard  said:  "Baron,  let  us  make  the  treaty  to- 
night." 

The  first  paragraph  of  the  treaty,  concerning  the  cession  of  Rus- 
sia's possession  of  North  America,  reads: 

"The  United  States  of  America  and  his  Majesty  the  Emperor  of 
all  the  Russias,  being  desirous  of  strengthening,  if  possible,  the  good 
understanding  which  exists  between  them,  have  for  that  purpose  ap- 


(  3  ) 


pointed  as  their  Plenipotentiaries:  the  President  of  the  United  States, 
William  H,  Seward,  Secretary  of  State;  and  his  Majesty  the  Emperor 
of  all  the  Russias,  the  Privy  Counsellor  Edward  DeStpeckl,  his  Envoy 
Extraordinary  and  Minister  Plenipotentiary  to  the  United  States.  Con- 
cluded, March  30,  1867." 

Ratified  by  the  United  States  May  28,  1867. 
Ratifications  exchanged  June  20,  1867. 
Proclaimed  by  the  United  States  June  20,  1867. 
The  Organic  Act  Creating  the  Territory  of  Alaska, 
Approved  August  24, 


Alaska,  by  public  proclamation  of  her  Governor,  has  just  cele- 
brated on  October  18th  this  year,  1913,  her  first  birthday;  because  it 
was  upon  that  day  the  Russian  flag  \vas  lowered  at  Sitka,  and  the 
American  flag  took  its  place;  and  today  there  are  United  States  Gov- 
ernment telegraph  offices,  United  States  Government  cable  offices  and 
wireless  stations  extending  all  over  Alaska.  And  the  bill  that  is  ex- 
citing the  most  comment  in  Washington  at  this  writing  is  the  bill,  S-48, 
to  authorize  the  President  of  the  United  States  to  locate,  construct  and 
operate  railroads  in  Alaska,  and  for  other  purposes. 

THE  LAND  OF  OPHIR 

A  brief  glance  into  biblical  history,  before  the  time  of  Al-ak-shak, 
may  be  interesting  in  trying  to  find  the  Land  of  Ophir. 

In  /  Kings,  ninth  chapter,  twrenty-sixth  verse,  reads  :  "Solomon  made 
a  navy  of  Tharshish,  which  is  beside  Eloth  on  the  shores  of  the  Red 
Sea  in  the  land  of  Edon.  And  Huram  sent  in  the  navy  his  shipmen 
that  had  knowledge  of  the  sea  with  the  servants  of  Solomon,  and  there 
came  to  Ophir  arid  fetched  them  gold  420  talents  and  brought  it  to 
King  Solomon.''  And  in  //  Chronicles,  9-21,  the  text  reads:  "For 
the  ships  went  to  Tharshish  with  the  ships  of  Huram;  every  three  years 
once  came  the  ships  of  Tharshish  bringing  gold,  silver  and  ivory." 

Ships  of  the  bible  times  must  have  been  of  considerable  size.  SI. 
Paul  was  wrecked  in  a  ship  which  carried  276  persons  besides  the 
crew,  and  the  boat  which  dropped  Josephus  in  the  sea  had  a  passenger 
list  of  600. 

Thomas  Crawford  Johnston  of  California,  in  his  book.  "Did  the 
Phoenicians  Discover  America?"  tried  to  show  that  the  Land  of  Ophir 
was  either  in  Mexico  or  among  the  Aztecs  in  Arizona.  He  shows  that 
the  Phoenicians  were  able  navigators  at  that  time;  and  if  they  were 
gone  on  a  voyage  over  three  years,  according  to  the  Bible,  they  must 
have  been  at  quite  a  distance.  The  Phoenicians  were  the  traders  of 
the  age;  a  chief  necessity  of  the  age  was  tin,  and  the  only  available 
tin  lay  in  Britain.  If  they  came  back  loaded  with  tin,  where  did  they 
get  it?  The  only  place  they  can  get  it  today  is  in  Northwestern 
America,  not  far  from  where  Eugene  Sue  started  the  "Wandering  Jew." 

In  the  placer  boxes  in  nearly  all  the  streams  the>  pick  up  copper 
nails,  and  at  Gold  Run,  east  of  Teller,  right  on  the  blue  clay  75  feet 
from  surface,  were  found  old  placer  boxes  and  copper  kettles  that  had 
been  covered  by  glacial  action.  At  several  places  in  the  interior  of 
Alaska,  giant  trees,  centuries  old,  have  grown  up  with  evidences  of 
houses  about  them. 

Where  you  find  the  tin  todav  is  the  only  place  that  you  can  find 
ivory,  and  as  you  dig  beneath  the  glacial  action,  there  is  every  evi- 
dence the  country  was  formerly  a  tropical  country.  After  the  recent  se- 
vere storm  in  Nome  this  year,  in  October,  1913,  the  beach  was  again 
covered  with  gold-bearing  sands,  just  like  they  found  on  the  beach 
during  the  stampede  of  the  wandering  gentiles  in  1900.  The  way  to 
the  East  was  by  the  way  of  Java,  Sumatra,  Torres  Straits,  Samoa,'  Ta- 
hiti and  Easter  Island.  If  the  Phoenicians  took  this  route,  they  prob- 
ably got  their  gold,  tin  and  ivory  from  what  is  now  Alaska,  and  not 

(   4  ) 


from  Central  America.  And  it  is  further  proven  by  the  customs  of  the 
natives  of  Alaska — first,  by  the  painting  of  their  bodies;  second,  by 
tracing  their  ancestors  back  to  what  is  known  as  the  totem  poles;  and 
finally,  in  the  Alaska  Fisheries  Company,  at  their  different  canneries, 
you  place  a  Jap  along  side  of  a  native  Eskimo  and  it  is  impossible  to 
tell  them  apart.  But  whether  or  not  it  can  ever  be  proven  beyond  dis- 
pute that  the  land  known  to  King  Solomon  as  the  Land  of  Ophir  is 
what  is  now  known  as  Alaska,  it  is  certain  that  Alaska  will  be  the 
land  ef  gold  for  the  Americans  for  generations  to  come,  and  that 
while  Seward  only  paid  $7,000,000  for  Alaska,  he  won  in  that  whist 
game  a  country  that  has  produced  -$500,000,000  in  wealth  up  to  1914: 
that,  with  modern  methods  of  mining  and  transportation,  and  govern- 
ment-owned or  controlled  railroads,  its  future  will  be  incalculable. 

MEXICO  AXD  ALASKA 

John  D.  Rockefeller  is  quoted  as  saying  on  Sunday,  November 
30th,  that  "Perpetual  sunlight  equally  distributed  would  make  churches 
unnecessary.  If  scientists  could  solve  the  problem  of  equal  distribu- 
tion of  sunlight,  it  would  raise  the  moral  standard  of  men." 

Some  wandering  gentiles  disagree  with  John  D.,  although  they 
admit  that  sunshine  is  about  the  only  thing  of  value  that  he  has  not 
cornered.  As  a' rule  sunshine  spells  death,  and  where  people  have  per- 
petual sunshine  the  moral  standard  is  low  and  the  churches  are  nu- 
merous. They  Certainly  have  perpetual  sunshine  in  Mexico,  and  in 
nearly  all  South  American  Republics  they  hav.e  revolutions  nearly 
every*  morning  for  breakfast.  In  the  States  "of  the  United  States  where 
they  have  perpetual  sunshine,  every  green  thing  has  a  thistle  and  every 
creeping  thing  has  a  sting,  and  you  have  to  climb  trees  to  get  >vater; 
you  have  to  dig  for  wood.  In  Death  Valley,  \\herr  they  have  more 
sunshiny  days  than  in  any  place  in  America,  the  verv  water  is  poison- 
ous, and  the  country  is 'occupied  by  lizards,  snakes,  chiK-kwallas. 
horned-toads,  tarantullas  and  spiders;  and  history  shows  us  that  it  is 
in  climates  of  the  temperate  zone  where  the  morals  are  the  highest. 
It  is  in  a  line  drawn  not  very  far  from  either  London,  New  York  01 
Seattle;  it  is  where  they  have  seasons — not  perpetual  sunshine;  and 
it  is  where  men  must  overcome  the  elements  of  Nature  to  win;  it  is 
where  obstacles  must  bo  overcome.  "Where  there  is  perpetual  sunshine 
it  has  a  tendency  to  make  people  indolent,  insipid;  v.here  reli'gionists 
c.ui  appeal  to  the  bigotry  of  men  and  women;  where  ignorance  thrives, 
and  where  the  only  hope  that  is  given  to  human  liind  is  the  hope  of 
a  happy  home  after  death.  The  majority  of  wandering  gentiles  of  this 
world  are  looking  for  a  happy  home  here  on  earth,  and  will  take  an 
even  chance  with  John  D.  on  the  future. 

In  the  sunny  climate  of  Mexico  the  people  have  been  asleep. 
Through  their  Maximillian  bonds  they  have  surrendered  all  their  petro- 
leum rights;  through  A.  D'Barra  they  have  surrendered  all  their  rail- 
road rights,  and  a  great  deal  of  land  to  the  railroads;  to  ihe  Phelps- 
Dodgc  people,  and  others,  they  have  surrendered  their  mining  rights; 
through  wealthy  bankers  in  New  York  they  have  surrendered  all  their 
banking  rights;  as  a  nation,  they  have  surrendered  all  of  their  rights, 
and  they  have  given  to  the  Diaz  family,  and  to  the  Maderos,  and  to  the 
Iluertas,  all  of  their  valuable  agricultural  lands.  These  families  have 
escaped  to  other  countries,  and  they  have  taken  with  them  boat-loads 
of  wealth,  leaving  in  Mexico  today  only  a  few  peons  to  fight  over  a 
naked  bone,  and  Pearson's  Syndicate  ancl  Rockefeller  interests  fighting 
over  oil  concessions  at  Tampico. 

The  people  of  Alaska,  in  the  colder  country,  where  they  have 
plenty  of  sunshine — but  it  is  not  perpetual — have  retained  all  their 
petroleum  and  oil  rights;  have  retained  all  their  coal  reserves;  have 
retained  all  their  mining  reserves;  have  retained  all  their  railroad  res- 
ervations; have  retained  all  their  water  powers  and  agricultural  lands, 
and  are  going  to  do  just  as  President  Wilson  said  in  his  message  of 


December  2d they  are  going  to  use  them  for  the  benefit  of  mankind 

as  a  whole. 

EUGENE  SUE  AND  FACTS 

The  first  sentence  of  Eugene  Sue's  novel  reads:  "It  was  the  end 
of  October,  1831."  Let  us  see  what  the  facts  of  history  are,  regarding 
the  examination  of  the  shores  of  Al-ak-shak  (the  great  land  of  the 
Aleuts) 

The  first  American  ship,  "Athah.aulpa,."  sailed  into  the 

waters  in  1802. 

Examined  by  Vitus  Bering  in  1741, 
Tshirikoff  in  1741, 
Azalvaquadra  in  1775, 
Captain   Cook  in  1778, 
Commodore  Billings  in  1790, 
Von  Kotzebu  in  1817, 
Admiral  Kellet  in  1846. 
Colonel  Buckley  had  charge  of  the  Russian-American 

telegraph  lines  in  Bering  Straits  before  1870. 
The  Yankee  whaler  "Superior"  in  1847. 
The  Astoria  trading  vessel  "Enterprise"  was  in  Sitka 
long  before  the  Civil  War. 

Further  evidence  that  northwestern  America  was  the  Land  of 
Ophir  is  that  Marco  Polo  brought  back  his  treasures  from  that  country 
in  1295.  Where  were  the  Straits  of  Anan,  from  where  Deshnur,  in 
1648,  brought  his  gold,  silver,  copper  and  iron? 

REAL  HISTORY 

The  real  historian  of  the  future  will  give  Peter  the  Great  credit 
for  the  first  real  development  of  this  great  country.  It  is  true  that  he 
planned  to  grasp  Asia  and  western  North  America,  and  it  is  equally 
true  that  from  the  time  of  Peter  the  Great  and  Catharine  of  Russia, 
down  to  and  including  Governor-General  Prince  MaxutofF,  the  governor 
of  Alaska  in  1867,  who  handed  to  Commodore  McDougal,  the  com- 
mander of  the  American  vessel  in  Sitka  Harbor,  on  October  18th  of 
that  year,  the  white,  blue  and  red  horizontal  tri-color  of  Russia,  as  it 
was  lowered,  and  placed  upon  the  flag-staff  the  Stars  and  Stripes,  that 
Russia  has  always  been  the  friend  of  the  United  States.  It  may  be 
true  that  there  was  a  secret  understanding  between  Russia  and  America 
previous  to  1867  to  transfer  Alaska  to  the  United  States,  but  on  account 
of  diplomatic  reasons  it  was  not  transferred  during  the  Civil  War,  be-^ 
cause  Russia,  on  the  north,  was  not  so  sure  of  their  ability  to  defend 
it  against  England,  whose  sympathy  was  with  the  Confederates.  Some 
may  think  that  the  Confederates  did  not  plan  to  capture  Alaska;  but 
after  Lee  had  surrendered,  Colonel  Wardell  of  the  Confederates,  on 
the  "Shenandoah,"  destroyed  three  whalers  in  the  Arctic  in  June,  1865, 
and  before  the  news  had  reached  that  country  that  the  war  was  over. 
But  when  the  Stars  and  Stripes  were  hoisted  in  1867,  England  lost  her 
last  opportunity,  and  greatest  opportunity,  to  acquire  land  on  the 
American  continent,  and  it  is  with  shame  when  one  reads  the  Ashbur- 
ton  Treaty,  to  realize  that  the  then  great  public  men  of  our  New  Eng- 
land States  traded  off  the  country  south  of  Portland  Channel  for  three 
miserable  little  lakes  in  New  England.  It  would  make  all  the  differ- 
ence in  the  world  if  where  Victoria  and  Vancouver  now  stand  was 
American  territory.  Vancouver  discovered  Puget  Sound,  but  Fate  has 
so  willed  it  that  the  State  of  the  United  States  occupying  Puget  Sound 
was  named  after  the  first  President  of  this  Republic,  and  not  after  the 
King  of  England  of  that  time.  Where  Seattle  and  Portland  are  located 
was  to  be  a  game  preserve  for  Prince  Rupert  and  his  gentlemen  friends 
of  England.  The  Hudson  Bay  Company  was  to  hold  all  the  territory 
from  Astoria  to  Hudson  Bay;  but  stout-hearted  pioneers  and  wander- 

(   6  ) 


ing  gentiles,  among  whom  was  F.  X.  Maththieu,  the  French  Canadian, 
who  is  still  alive  in  Portland,  Oregon,  voted  "aye"  that  it  should  be 
American  territory,  and  they  gained  for  the  United  States  Government 
more  valuable  land  than  has  ever  been  gained  in  the  history  of  the 
world,  without  the  firing  of  a  shot  or  the  loss  of  a  single  life. 

SONS  OF  SHEM  AND  JAPHET 

In  view  of  the  fact  that  it  has  been  proven  beyond  all  doubt  that 
the  yellow  race  and  the  white  race  cannot  assimilate;  in  view  of  the 
position  taken  by  British  Columbia  in  the  little  corner  that  England 
did  retain;  and  in  view  of  the  anti-alien  land  laws  of  the  Pacific  Coast 
States,  trade  of  the  Pacific  for  the  future  is-  going  to  be  with  the 
white  race;  it  is  going  to  be  the  development  and  opening  up  of  Al- 
aska and  Russia!  If  the  final  stand  for  civilization  is  going  to  be 
where  the  sons  of  Shem  and  Japhet  meet,  it  is  not  going  to  be  very 
far  from  where  Swift  placed  his  "Gulliver's  Travels."  He  placed  the 
ideal  civilization  in  the  Straits  of  Fuca. 

ALL  FLOE  ICE  IN  ARCTIC 

If,  as  is  shown  in  the  opening  paragraph  of  this  story,  the  north- 
western nose  of  America  is  occupied  the  year  round  in  that  land  that 
is  supposed  to  be  snow  and  ice,  what  about  southeastern  Alaska,  and 
the  great  inland  sea  from  Ketchikan  west  to  Seward,  where  not  one  of 
its  bays  or  inland  seas  are  ever  frozen?  The  most  northerly  port  is 
Valdez,  and  it  is  open  the  year  around,  while  in  St.  Petersburg,  Russia, 
they  must  have  ice  boats  to  break  the  ice.  Some  imaginative  French- 
men, in  their  trans-Siberian  railroad  scheme,  were  going  to  build  a 
bridge  across  Rering  Strait,  or  a  tunnel  underneath  it. 

A  wandering  gentile  in  Nome,  a  placer  miner,  Davidson,  well  read 
and  posted,  in  a  written  communication  to  the  "Nome  Nugget,'"  then 
published  by  the  present  Governor  of  Alaska,  J.  F.  A.  Strong,  suggested 
that  as  the  average  depth  of  water  between  East  Cape  and  Cape  of 
Prince  of  Wales  was  75  feel,  that  the  practical  thing  to  do  was  to  fill  it, 
block  the  ice  and  leave  it  all  in  the  Arctic,  and  then  let  the  Japan  cur- 
rent go  direct  into  the  Rering  Sea.  In  1900,  when  the  early  boats  ran 
into  floe  ice  in  the  Bering  Sea  and  lay  in  the  ice  for  a  month  before 
they  could  land  passengers  in  Nome,  they  found  upon  landing  that  it 
was  beautiful  weather  in  Nome;  that  street  sprinkling  wagons  were 
sprinkling  the  streets,  and  that  the  snow  had  been  gone  and  that  they 
had  been  placer  mining  for  sixty  days.  The  ice  that  they  were  in 
was  floe  ice  and  came  down  from  the  Arctic.  If  the  pressure  of  the 
ice  would  be  equal  in  all  directions,  then  the  fill  above  suggested 
would  stop  all  the  ice  from  moving  from  a  point  south  of  Cape  Prince 
of  Wales,  and  the  Nome  harbor  will  be  open  the  year  round — the  same 
as  Valdez — and  make  climatic  conditions  in  southeastern  Alaska  the 
same  as  that  of  Prince  Rupert.  Then  let  the  Frenchmen  run  their 
railroad  across  the  fill. 

SCENERY   AND    CLIMATE 

The  inside  passage  to  Alaska  contains  the  grandest  scenery  and 
the  finest  climate  in  all  the  world.  The  wandering  gentiles  who  have 
been  in  the  Garden  of  the  Gods,  that  most  beautiful  red  sandstone 
formation  at  the  base  of  Pike's  Peak,  realize,  while  Pike's  Peak  is 
14,500  feet  high,  that  they  are  a  mile  high  themselves  when  they  start 
to  look  (even  Denver  is  a  mile  high). 

In  the  Yellowstone  Park,  of  course,  it  is  fine  to  see  Old  Faithful 
Gusher  gush;  it  is  pleasant  to  gaze  into  the  Grand  Canyon  of  the  Colo- 
rado, its  coloring  of  Nature  cannot  be  equalled;  it  is  refreshing  to  be 
in  the  great  Salt  Lake — but  it  is  no  exaggeration  to  say  that  all  this 
magnificent  handiwork  of  Nature  is  excelled  in  America's  Switzerland, 


Alaska.  It  is  a  different  feeling  to  sit  in  a  boat  and  look  to  the  top  of 
Mount  McKinley,  four  miles  from  where  you  float;  it  is  a  different 
feeling  to  watch  a  glacier,  higher  than  Pike's  Peak,  hear  the  crack 
of  ice  when  it  topples  over  and  falls  into  the  water — the  sight  is 
grander  and  longer  to  he  remembered  than  if  all  the  diamonds  in  the 
world  were  suddenly  showered  in  front  of  you.  Strange  to  say,  the 
most  perfect  and  beautiful  weather  is  found  in  the  Tanana  Valley  at 
Fairbanks,  and  in  years  to  come  the  Tanana  and  Susitna  Valleys  will 
sustain  an  agricultural  population  equal  to  that  of  Norway,  Sweden, 
Finland  and  the  Russian  Provinces.  These  provinces  lie  north  of  60 
degrees  latitude,  and  sustain  more  than  11,000,000  people.  Alaska  ex- 
tends from  54  degrees  to  70  degrees  latitude  and  contains  only  65,000 
people.  The  provinces  produce  wheat,  rye,  barley,  oats;  and  in  live 
stock,  horses,  cattle,  sheep,  goats  and  reindeer.  The  directors  of  the 
United  States  Geological  Survey  estimate  3,000,000  acres  of  tillable 
land  in  southeastern  Alaska  alone;  therefore,  with  agriculture  to  sup- 
plement mining,  fishing,  etc.,  Alaska  can  easily  support  a  population 
of  15,000,000. 

WORK  PRODUCES  GOLD 

The  day  of  romance  is  over.  The  Cathode  rays  and  vacuum  tubes 
cannot  transform  iron  into  gold.  vVan  Helvert  may  have  seen  the 
philosopher's  stone.  Other  scientists  have  said  thev  could  turn  lead 
into  bullion.  In  the  Vienna  Mint  are  medals  said  to  be  alchemistically 
obtained.  Lascaris  was  a  mysterious  ghost.  Flam  el  seemed  to  be 
poorer  than  Beau  Brummel  yet  turned  metals  to  gold  for  his  dupes  like 
a  Hermann.  Alexander  Dumas  furnished  a  Cagliostro  and  hours  of 
entertainment  to  those  who  cared  to  read  of  his  charlatan.  Even  in 
Denver,  educated  men  fell  for  the  "Winn  Process"  of  making  one 
ounce  porphyry  gold  ore  turn  into  ten-ounce  ore  by  passing  the  ore 
through  vats  under  mysterious  solutions.  In  other  words  by  trying 
to  make  people  believe  you  could  make  gold  grow.  But  oiitside  of 
Mclntyre  and  Heath  in  their  minstrel  turn  of  "The  Money  Tree,"  all 
have  proven  disastrous. 

Human  muscle,  guided  by  human  genius  and  more  efficient 
methods  of  working  ores,  produce  the  only  gold  whose  output  can  be 
measured  by  nations.  The  real  wizards  are  men  like  Frank  Manly, 
Eric  Lindblom,  William  Ghapelle,  et  al.,  in  the  nlacer  fields;  and  men 
like  F.  W.  Bradley,  D.  C.  .Tackling,  Charley  McNeil,  et  al.,  in  the  quartz 
fields.  There  is  no  mystery  about  their  secret.  Their  secret  is  tonnage: 
and  behind  these  men  are  the  sturdy  prospectors  and  the  pioneers  of 
Alaska. 

PROFITS  TO  DATE  FROM  SEWAKD'S  WHIST  GAME 

The   following  statistics   are   from   official   Senate   Document   882, 
of  wealth  produced  in  Alaska  from  1867  to  1911.     Since  which  time, 
to  1914,  the  wealth  is  easily  over  $500,000,000: 
Production: 

Minerals — 

Gold $195,916,520 

Silver    1,500,441 

Copper    8,237,594 

Gypsum    547,345 

Marble    185*443 

Tin    88,062 

Coal 338,189 

Sea  and  Fur  Products — 

Fur-seal   skins 51,835,143 

Aquatic  furs,  except  seals 12,496,063 

Furs  of  land  animals 8,350,290 


Walrus  products 368,053 

Whalebone    1,707,410 

Fishery  products 147,953,077 


Total    $429,523,630 

PROOF  OF  GOLD  ORES 

If  the  increased  output  of  gold  is  responsible  for  high  cost  of 
living,  the  prices  are  going  higher  and  wages  higher;  because  the  gold 
output  from  low-grade  quartz  mines  in  Alaska  is  going  to  increase. 
This  gold  output  is  going  to  be  greater  than  the  placer  output  of  gold 
from  Dawson  to  Nome.  We  will  not  burden  this  article  with  the  evi- 
dences of  mineral  conditions  in  central  Alaska,  or  the  interior  of 
Alaska,  nor  the  wealth,  referred  to  in  President  Wilson's  message  as 
Alaska's  storehouse.  But  for  one  illustration  only,  referring  to  the  low- 
grade  proposition  at  tide  water  of  one  town,  at  Juneau;  what  Butte 
was  to  copper,  Juneau  will  probably  be  to  gold.  One  company  there 
has  just  about  completed  a  plant  costing  -$5,000,000  before  turning  a 
wheel.  Students  who  read  this  story  can  take  an  imaginary  mountain 
2,500  feet  high,  run  a  two  and  one-Half  mile  tunnel  through  it,  upraise 
in  the  center  to  the  surface  and  cross-cut  from  the  center,  each  way 
from  the  bore  of  the  tunnel,  250  feet.  Reduce  this  to  cubic  feet  and 
then  to  tons.  Then  imagine  that  a  company  had  tested  for  many  years 
the  product.  Then  go  to  the  mouth  of  the  Sheep  Creek  tunnel,  below 
Silver  Bow  Basin,  Alaska.  See  the  slate  ores  coming  out  that  look 
like  WASTE,  and  sample  them,  and  you  will  see  that  it  will  yield 
over  $2  per  ton  in  gold,  and  that  science  is  going  to  extract  this  gold 
for  a  cost  of  $1  per  ton,  mining  and  milling.  It  is  not  exaggerating  to 
sav  that  it  is  nearly  manufacturing  gold.  Dreaming?  No!  Cagliostro? 
No.!  Facts!  That's  all. 

In  Utah  the  genius  of  two  American  citizens  are  removing  50  per 
cent  as  much  ground  daily  as  the  Panama  Canal,  and  within  five  years 
three  companies  in  Gastiheux  Channel,  Alaska,  will  be  handling  ex- 
clusive of  the  Treadwell  and  Mexican  over  50,000  tons  per  day,  pro- 
ducing $1  per  ton  profit. 

Mr.  F.  W.  Bradley,  one  of  the  most  conservative  and  best  mining 
engineers  in  the  West,  in  an  article  in  "Mining  and  Scientific  Press," 
December  1,  1913,  says  that  the  Alaska  Juneau  mine  alone,  with  four 
mill  units  will,  have  have  a  capacity  of  12,000  tons  per  day,  and  that 
it  is  expected  that  the  operations  will  continue  for  one  hundred  years. 
This  being  true,  then  there  must  be  400,000,000  tons  of  ore  blocked  out 
in  this  one  mine.  Now  then,  with  the  United  States  Government  open- 
ing a  railroad  to  the  fields  in  central  Alaska,  the  people  can  look  for 
interest  in  gold  mines,  greater  than  that  since  the  discovery  of  gold 
in  South  Africa. 

WHO  CONTROLS  TIN  AND  COPPER 

Why  a  government  road  and  not  private  ownership?  One  illus- 
tration:" The  only  metal  whose  visible  supply  is  becoming  less  each 
year,  is  tin,  and  the  market  price  is  made  daily  in  Liverpool;  al- 
though New  Yorkers  own  the  tin  output  of  the  Straits  settlements. 
They  have  a  smelter  ready  to  blow  in  at  Bayonne,  N.  J.  They  pay 
natives  $10  a  month  gold;  but  it  costs  $5  per  day  gold  to  have  a  white 
man  with  a  No.  2  shovel  in  Alaska.  Who  are  the  consumers  of  tin? 
The  Standard  Oil,  American  Can,  American  Tinplate,  American  Sheet 
Metal,  etc.  Supposing  the  reader  of  this  article  knew  where  there 
was  a  possibility  of  making  a  tin  mine  in  Alaska.  Supposing  you 
knew  where  there  was  a  cassitterite  ledge  or  prospect  that  would 
average  twice  trie  percentage  in  cossilterite  as  the  Delcoath  mine  in 
England;  that  this  ledge  wras  in  Alaska,  and  you  tried  to  sell  this  tin 
mine.  What  do  you  think  would  happen  to  you?  If  you  went  to 

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Pittsburg  to  meet  the  American  Tinplate,  there  you  would  probably 
meet  a  Mr.  Graham.  If  you  went  to  New  York  to  meet  the  American 
Can  Company  you  would  probably  meet  a  Mr.  Reid,  or  Mr.  Moore,  or 
perhaps  a  Mr.  Phelps,  or  perhaps  a  Mr.  Wheeler,  but  before  you 
were  through  with  being  initiated  you  would  discover  you  were  in 
a  bluff  poker  game  and  the  profit  was  all  in  the  kitty.  All  the 
above  companies  are  subsidiaries  of  the  big  one;  and  after  you  told 
your  story  all  over  the  east,  you  would  discover  that  all  these  men 
are  modern  Pizarros;  that  you  would  be  compelled  to  give  this  crew 
your  mine,  or  your  life  work.  They  would  repeat  just  exactly  what 
happened  in  the  Interior  of  Valdez,  nt  the  time  of  the  discovery  of 
copper.  An  expert  was  sent  into  the  copper  field  to  examine  the 
prospector's  find,  and  it  ivas  turned  down;  and  it  was  turned  down 
again;  but  when  the  people  who  control  the  copper  in  New  York, 
were  ready,  they  repeated  what  happened  at  Bntte,  Montana.  A  com- 
pany was  formed,  stock  was  sold  to  the  public,  and  the  copper  mines 
of  Butte  did  not  cost,  according  to  Tom  Lawson  in  The  System,  a  cent 
to  those  who  control  it.  The  public  paid  for  the  mine.  The  same 
trick  was  turned  with  copper  in  Alaska.  The  same  trick  would  be 
turned  to  you  if  you  attempted  to  sell  your  tin.  And  under  present 
conditions  in  coal,  copper,  iron,  tin  or  anything  else,  the  best  the 
prospector  can  get  is  a  Mexican  stand-off,  namely,  give-up-everything 
but  escape  writh  your  life. 

WHY  ALASKA    WANTS   GOVERNMENT  RAILROADS 

The  government  roads  will  give  you  coal  to  smelt  the  tin;  give 
you  coke;  give  you  reasonable  rates  for  your  machinery  into  the  mine 
and  for  your  product  out.  Can  you  sMp^  your  coal  out  with  a  private- 
owned  railroad?  This  question  can  best  be  answered  by  asking  an- 
other one.  Supposing  the  reader  of  this  story  had  a  coal  mine  today 
right  on  the  railroad  betwreen  Omaha  and  Ogden;  what  would  vou  do 
with  it?  Compete  with  the  coal  from  the  railroad-owned  mines  of 
Rock  Springs  and  Kemerer  coal  mines?  Every  well-posted  person 
knows  that  there  is  not  an  individual  coal  producer  today  capable  of 
doing  it.  And  not  onlv  the  people  of  Alaska,  but  we  believe  that  the 
Representatives  in  both  houses  of  Congress  at  Washington  represent- 
ing the  people  of  the  United  States,  believe  that  if  Alexander  the 
Third  on  March  17,  1891,  could  by  Imperial  rescript  appropriate 
$400,000,000  to  build  four  thousand  miles  of  railroad  to  the  Pacific, 
that  this  Government,  now  that  the  Panama  Canal  is  completed,  can 
and  will  appropriate  $40,000,000  to  open  UD  the  wealth  of  Alaska  to 
its  people,  and  \vill  appropriate  the  money  before  many  months. 

ALASKA'S  COMPLIMENT  TO   WOMEN 

Today  when  a  warship  of  a  great  nation  is  called  into  play  to 
arrest  a  militant  suffragette,  asking  that  women  of  England  have  a 
voice  in  its  laws;  and  while  one  does  not  agree  with  ail  the  methods 
of  the  suffragettes  in  London,  a  fair-minded  man  must  say  that  where 
women  have  no  say  whatever,  in  the  laws  that  govern  them,  like 
Turkey  for  instance,  they  become  a  cipher.  Where  they  do  have  a 
voice,  commercial  vice  is  at  a  minimum,  and  for  weal  or  woe,  as  far 
as  the  white  race  is  concerned  on  the  American  side  of  the  Pacific, 
from  Mexico  to  the  north  pole,  women  are  going  to  have  a  voice  in 
the  laws  of  this  land,  and  in  appreciation  of  the  hardships  and  strug- 
gle of  the  pioneer  women  on  the  Trails  of  Alaska,  the  first  law  of  the 
first  legislature  that  convened  at  Juneau,  relating  to  the  laws  of  Alaska, 
reads  as  follows: 

Chapter  I 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Legislature  of  the  Territory  of  Alaska: 

Section  1.     That   in   all   elections   which  are   now,   or  may  here- 

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after  be  authorized  by  the  law  in  the  Territory  of  Alaska,  or  any 
sub-division,  or  municipality  thereof,  the  elective  franchise  is  hereby 
extended  to  such  women  as  have  the  qualifications  of  citizenship 
required  of  male  electors. 

Approved  March  21,  1913. 

TRAILMAKER'S  HOME 

Richard  Henry  Savage  in  his  "Princess  of  Alaska"  placed  his 
princess  finally  in  Sitka.  When  Alaska  was  governed  from  the  mouth 
of  the  Amur  River  by  Russia,  it  was  planned  for  Sitka  to  be  the 
abiding  place  of  the  castofT  Princes  of  St.  Petersburg.  The  chief  of 
the  Aleuts  had  planned  the  medicinal  qualities  of  the  Hot  Springs  at 
Sitka,  should  be  the  abiding  place  of  it's  great  chiefs.  The  beautiful 
spot  with  its  lover's  lanes  and  medicinal  hot  springs,  and  the  totem 
poles,  is  going  to  be  the  home  for  the  aged  prospectors  of  Alaska; 
because  the  last  legislature  created  a  Board  consisting  of  the  Governor, 
Secretary  of  Territory,  and  a  Delegate  to  Congress,  to  investigate  as 
to  climatic  and  other  conditions  of  the  several  hot  springs  in  the 
interior  of  Alaska;  the  adaptability  of  them  for  use  as  a  home  for 
aged  prospectors;  and  to  secure  options  on  property  adjoining  such 
springs  as  may  be  determined  upon  as  desirable  for  the  purpose. 

ALASKA,  NEXT  STAR  ON  OLD  GLORY 

Justice  and  right  to  man  is  slowly  but  surely  moving  forward. 
Justice  to  women  is  slowly  but  surely' moving  forward.  The  gospel 
of  force  is  slowly  but  surely  losing  ground.  Napoleon  knew  as  he 
walked  around  the  crater  oi'  an  extinct  volcano,  that  his  gospel  of 
force  was  a  myth;  a  few  sands  on  the  sea  shore  tell  us  of  the  Pha- 
raohs of  Kgypt.  The  white  God  that  the  Montezumas  were  so  afraid 
of  is  a  fact  Where  the  gold  of  the  Incas  was,  and  where  Pizarro 
looted,  is  a  republic.  The  white  God,  the  head  of  the  white  race, 
sits  in  Washington  with  the  watchful  eye  to  prevent  men  like  Huerta, 
from  destroying  the  poor  and  robbing  the  just.  California  was  gov- 
erned by  Mexico  for  t\vo  centuries;  but  the  discovery  of  gold  in 
California,  was  the  real  beginning  of  the  Panama  Canal.  This  canal 
is  now  completed,  and  its  whole  organization,  consisting  of  machin- 
ery, equipment,  instruments,  material  and  other  properly  of  any  sort 
whatsoever  used  or  acquired  in  the  construction  of  the  Panama  Canal, 
is  to  be  transferred  as  quickly  as  possible  to  Alaska.  The  Isthmian 
Canal  Commission  is  authorized  to  deliver  the  properly.  And  it  is 
also  provided  that  a  railroad  shall  connect  "With  any  steamship  line 
for  joint  transportation  of  passengers,"  and  with  government-owned 
railroads  and  steamship  lines,  it  is  easy  to  forecast  the  future  of 
Alaska — Justice  will  be  done.  Some  day,  is  now  the  prayer  of  the 
pioneer  Alaskans,  this  region  will  be  a  Star  on  Old  Glory. 

Notwithstanding  that  Alaska  from  18(58  tr,  1010  was  neither  a 
Colony,  a  Principality,  Territory- -hardly  even  a  District — and  for 
years  was  denied  even  the  privilege  of  a  Porto  Rican,  Hawaiian  or  a 
Filipino,  and  even  now  has  only  a  partial  territorial  form  of  govern- 
ment, the  pioneer  Alaskans  are  intensely  patriotic.  Some  of  our 
States  might  adopt  laws  similar  to  Senate  Bill  No.  14,  adopted  at 
Juneau  and  approved  April  5th,  1913;  Section  1  of  this  Bill  provides 
for  acls  constituting  the  desecration  of  the  flag,  and  provides  that 
any  person  who  shall  use  any  flag  or  ensign  in  any  parade  by  any 
person  or  persons,  or  association  of  any  kind  whatever  unless  the 
American  flag  is  carried  by  such  person  or  persons  at  the  head  of 
such  parade  above  all  other  flags  or  ensigns,  or  who  shall  display  in 
public  from  any  hall  belonging  to  any  association  any  fiag,  unless 
the  American  flag  is  displayed  above  the  same,  shall  be  deemed  guilty 
of  a  misdemeanor,  and  upon  conviction  thereof  shall  be  punished  by 

(  11   ) 


a    fine    not    exceeding   Two    Hundred    Dollars,    or    imprisonment    not 
exceeding  one  year,  or  both. 

THREE  CANALS 

The  coming  trade  of  Alaska  is  going  to  be  worthwhile;  there  is 
going  to  be  a  London  on  the  Pacific  ocean,  and  a  Paris.  The  city 
that  is  satisfied  with  being  the  citv  of  pleasure  and  joy,  is  going  to 
be  the  Paris  of  America;  the  city  that  wants  to  get  and  will  fight  for 
the  Alaska  trade,  will  be  the  London. 

Alaska's  imports  in  1912  were  820,000,000;  its  exports  $40,000,000. 
The  trade  of  a  white  man  in  Alaska  today  is  worth  that  of  five  Fili- 
pinos or  three  Hawaiians.  With  government-owned  railroads  this 
trade  is  going  to  increase  a  hundred  fold.  The  Panama  Canal  is  com- 
pleted; the  organization  is  moving  to  Alaska.  The  Lake  Washington 
Canal's  huge  cranes  and  United  States  Government  cars  will  be  com- 
pleted before  the  Alaska  Railroad  Commission  is  ready  to  report  the 
termini  of  its  roads.  The  day  of  graft  is  over,  and  the  wandering 
gentiles  that  have  travelled  from  Dawson  to  St.  Michael,  from  St. 
Michael  to  Point  Barrow,  and  from  Ketchikan  to  Dutch  Harbor  and 
through  the  interior,  will  see  that  the  truth  is  presented  in  Washing- 
ton; because  we  have  finally  a  government  of  service.  There  is  a 
possibility  of  an  Alaska  Canal  and  short  tunnel  that  will  upset  the 
dreams  of  the  evil-minded  and  selfish.  The  west  end  of  the  tunnel 
will  not  be  far  from  the  east  end  of  Turnagain  Arm,  and  the  portal 
of  the  tunnel  will  not  be  far  from  Passage  Canal. 

THF  CITY  OF  WILSON 

People  of  today  arc  thoughtful.  The  tru.lv  great  are  honored  in 
many  ways.  In  the  recent  services  in  Southland,  celebrating  the 
completion  of  the  Panama  Canal,  there  was  but  one  name  on  every 
tongue — John  Taylor  Morgan.  At  the  Portland  Exposition,  celebrat- 
ing the  Lewis-Clark  Expedition,  the  most  conspicuous  piece  of  stat- 
uary, represented  a  woman — Sacajawaei — guiding  the  white  man 
down  the  Columbia.  Captain  Gray,  who  went  to  the  mouth  of  the 
Columbia  River  in  May  19,  1792,  was  perpetuated  in  song  and  story. 
There  is  the  name  of  another  American,  who  started  the  foundation 
of  his  fortune  a!  Astoria;  who  planned  with  the  Hudson  Bay  Com- 
pany to  be  the  Fur  King  of  Alaska;  whose  boats  plyed  in  Alaskan 
waters  when  William  Henry  Seward  was  a  struggling  lawyer.  But  all 
the  money  of  the  Astors  will  not  remove  the  stain  from  the  Astor 
family  for  buying  the  flag  of  the  Chesapeake  and  presenting  it  to  the 
English  government;  while  the  name  of  William  Henrv  Seward  was 
sung  as  none  other  at  the  Alaska- Yukon-Pacfiic  Exposition;  was  hon- 
ored by  song  and  story,  and  cities  named  after  him. 

If  Seward,  Alaska,'  is  not  to  be  the  St.  Petersburg  of  Alaska,  then 
in  the  future  the  wandering  gentile  can  see  Alaska's  Imperial  City — 
Wilson— named  after  the  President  of  the  Republic,  and  whose  mes- 
sage to  Congress  made  William  Henry  Seward's  dream  a  possibility; 
the  wandering  gentile  can  see  a  city  whose  Chamber  of  Commerce  'is 
built  out  of  clay  and  kaolin  from  Alaska's  store  house;  its  hotels 
finished  in  marble,  and  the  beauty  of  texture  and  hue  of  this  marble 
is  finer  than  that  of  the  marble  of  the  Montezumas!  The  ladies  are 
wearing  jades  from  Squirrel  River,  evidently  more  beautiful  than  the 
jades  of  the  Orient;  the  men  are  mining  and  taking  treasures  from 
the  store  houses  of  its  mountains,  so  tall  that  their  summits  are  never 
tainted  with  earth's  dust.  The  "Great  Circle  Route"  is  a  fact.  The 
United  States  fleet  of  defense  is  in  Port  Wells  coaling.  At  night  the 
heavens  are  lit  up  with  the  glow  of  smelters:  and  the  only  smoke  to 
dim  the  sky  of  its  long  beautiful  days  of  summer,  is  the  smoke 
arising  from  the  chimneys  of  its  contented  and  happy  people,  whose 
only  task  is  that  of  adding  to  the  wealth  of  the. 

(  12  ) 


OFTHE 

UNIVERSITY 


